Protest
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The words
A protest is the notary’s formal, sealed written statement that a bill of exchange or promissory note was presented for payment or acceptance and refused.
From the handbook: Executive Law 136; License Law booklet, Definitions: Protest
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Actually means
Old-school banking paperwork certifying "this note was presented and not paid." You may never do one in practice.
Plain English. No legalese survives this step.
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Live example
A promissory note comes due, payment is refused, and a notary formally protests it for the record.
A scene you can picture.
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Killer question
The exam mostly tests its fees: 75 cents for the protest, 10 cents per notice of protest, five notices maximum.
Exactly how the exam asks it.